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●词性:动词(100%)
♬英/ʃrɪŋk/ 美/ʃrɪŋk/
⊕1、(使)缩小,(使)收缩(尺寸、体积变小)
→To become smaller, or make something smaller
使用率:高频(约80%)
用法:既可用作不及物动词(主语自行缩小),也可用作及物动词(人为使某物缩小),常与from搭配表示原因,与to搭配表示结果
常用搭配:
shrink in the wash(水洗后缩水)
shrink from fear(因恐惧退缩)
shrink to half size(缩到一半大小)
例句:
The sweater will ☞shrink☜ if you wash it in hot water.
(这件毛衣用热水洗会缩水。)[不及物,自然收缩]
She ☞shrank☜ the shirt by drying it on high heat.
(她用高温烘干把衬衫弄缩水了。)[及物,人为操作]
The cloth ☞shrank☜ from wet to dry.
(布料从湿到干时收缩了。)[不及物,伴随过程]
The company plans to ☞shrink☜ its production scale.
(公司计划缩小生产规模。)[及物,主动调整]
His vocabulary seems to ☞shrink☜ when he's nervous.
(他紧张时词汇量似乎会减少。)[抽象意义上的缩小]
⊕2、退缩,回避(因害怕或不喜欢而避开)
→To move back or away from something because of fear or dislike
使用率:中频(约20%)
用法:不及物动词,常与from搭配,后接名词或动名词,表示回避的对象
常用搭配:
shrink from danger(躲避危险)
shrink from responsibility(逃避责任)
例句:
Don't ☞shrink☜ from asking for help when you need it.
(需要帮助时不要回避求助。)[接动名词]
The child ☞shrank☜ from the loud noise.
(孩子因巨响而退缩。)[接名词]
She never ☞shrinks☜ from a challenge.
(她从不回避挑战。)[接名词]
He ☞shrank☜ from discussing his past.
(他回避谈论自己的过去。)[接动名词]
Many people ☞shrink☜ from public speaking.
(许多人回避公开演讲。)[接动名词]
◆总结→
◎核心词性:动词(两种主要词义)
◎高频场景:日常生活(衣物缩水)、商业(规模缩小)、心理(回避行为)
◎学习重点:
1. 区分两种词义的搭配差异:
表“缩小”时可接from/to介词短语
表“退缩”时固定搭配from+对象
2. 注意过去式/过去分词变化:shrank(过去式)/shrunk(过去分词)
◎使用要点:
表“缩水”时,物作主语多用不及物(如Clothes shrink),人作主语多用及物(如I shrink clothes)
表“回避”时,不可直接接宾语,必须加from(如✔shrink from difficulties;✗shrink difficulties)
◎易错点:
混淆shrink(收缩)与sink(下沉)的拼写(注意首字母sh-与s-)
忘记表“退缩”时from的使用(如错说“shrink doing sth”,应为shrink from doing sth)